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Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used in various scientific fields to determine the molecular composition of a sample. It provides detailed information about the mass-to-charge ratio of ions present in a sample, which can be used to identify compounds, determine their structure, and quantify their abundance. In this article, we will explore the fundamental principles of mass spectrometry and its applications. The basic components of a mass spectrometer include an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. The ion source converts the sample into ions, which are then separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio in the mass analyzer. The separated ions are detected, and their abundance is recorded by the detector. The resulting data is represented as a mass spectrum, which is a plot of ion abundance versus mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectra are unique for each compound and can be used to identify unknown substances. By comparing the mass spectrum of an unknown compo...